What is an expert? Essay -- essays research papers

Currently the most prevalent is that an expert is a person who has some skill or knowledge in some domain that is matched by only a a couple of(prenominal) other heap. These quite a little argon thus extraordinary in some way. Anders Ericsson, probably the topper known of the researchers on expertise defines expertise as Relatively constant outstanding performance.Experts are often labeled as such. People c completelyed exceptional, superior, gifted, talented, specialist, expert, etc. tend to belong to the set of experts. There is no doubt that there are large differences in the quality of performance of different people on different tasks or in different domains. We can believe of this difference as a scale of expertise. Novices are those who do non perform actually well, and we can move through different levels of expertise until we find some individuals that we might say are skilled or knowledgeable beyond that of almost everyone else in the world, or world class. Wha t is the reputation of this dimension? What are the categories within which this level of expertise motif applies? comely an expert in any domain requires experience and effort. Don Norman introduced the notion that an someone requires 10,000 hours of experience and practice for reasonably complex domains to generate the possibility of being an expert. Most people seem to agree with that assessment. In order for someone to become an expert in physics, music, chess, psychology, mathematics, baseball, etc. takes many an(prenominal) hours, even years, of hard work and practice. ***Keith Ericsson in viewing the development of expertise argued that the most important factor, perhaps even necessary and sufficient for growth expertise is deliberative practice. Deliberative practice has four properties (1) it is at an portion level of difficulty, (2) the participant receives informative feedback, (3) the participant has many opportunities for repetition, and (4) the participant has th opportunity to correct for errors (from Ericsson (1996 found in Sternberg & Ben-Zeev (2001). If we focus on the act of becoming an expert rather than the claim that only a few become expert, we may come to a position I offshoot heard from Micki Chi. Children are universal novices. They have not developed very many of the component skills needed for any domain. Decalage is the order of the day many of the skills needed are relatively domain specific. The topics in t... ...wa workshops Miss the States candidates from Texas Prodigies of all sorts. Winton Marsalis view on becoming an expert commitment, listening, training, practice, confidence, independence. Component skills and knowledges. must(prenominal) borrow many of them, learn to apply them in the right places, and ruffle them to the new task. Some knowledge and skill must be conditioned from scratch. Many skills need to be developed more highly. It is possible that all of the component skills can be decomposed into simple enough parts that they are known a priori however, expertise still requires integrating and restructuring them into usable schemata. What is the resign of novice performance? Inchoate states, random trial and error, frustration, backward chaining, elegant units, surface form, separate nonintegrated components, bottom-up Expert performance--focused, much frontwards chaining, top-down, coherent and integrated, abstract organization, large units, proceduralization, integrated sequences, skillful, selective. Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The road to excellence. Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum Sternberg, R. J. & Ben-Zeev, T. (2001) composite Cognition The psychology of human thought. New York Oxford.