Carpentry: Wood and Tree House

Kayla Allison Mark forest H English 12 18 exhibit 2011 Carpentry Working with wood is a skill that has been around since while executed his first tool. From carpentrys inceptions, it has developed enormously, and in its essence, the tools and techniques our new works determination today are the same as those utilise in the Stone Age. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines carpenters as people who construct, erect, inst totally and partake structures and fixtures capture from wood and other materials. This manage has an extensive history, an expansive modernistic field, and with it, I plan to build a steer house, thus devising a difference in a kids life. The bourn carpentry obtains from the Late Latin term carpentum which means two-wheeled vehicle. The wood establishers of the papist Empire built the chariots that allowed the fast travel. They also built the foundation for wee high paths, between which concrete cement was laid. The innovative ideas of these worke rs allowed for the Romans to conquer and build such a vast empire.The woodworkers were thus named carpenters. Carpentry began many years agone and emerged from nations all over the world. Early Europeans created enormous, wooden homes from planks of wood that measured up to one hundred feet. A Stone Age city from ennead thousand years ago created their creates from mud bricks, supported by posts and beams. The remnants of these buildings view as allowed modern scholars to study the way carpentry has evolved over years and across the different cultures of the nations. The first known citys population, who lived until at to the lowest degree(prenominal) 5600 B. C. lived in a unified series of structures that all linked unneurotic like a giant fort they had heavy support beams in the fence ins and for a chapiter, small beams, reeds and packed mud. Ab egress thirty-seven centuries ago, on the island of Crete, in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, the natives used wooden co lumns with a downward guide (opposite of those later made popular by the Greeks) and stone and mud-brick walls to construct the rook of Knossos, home of the labyrinth ho utilize the fabled Mi nonaur. One truly far-famed accomplishment was the early Egyptians of four thousand B. C. who were already using fuzz and metal tools for woodworking.These people were proficient in some of the modern techniques we use now, such as drilling, dovetailing, which is a tight interlocking joint made by using a fan- organized tenon fitted into a corresponding mortise, mitering, which is creating a one-sided seam at a corner in order to make a right angle, and mortising, or excommunicationting square or extraneous holes, into the lumber. In the twelfth century, carpenter guilds began to form. at that place were three kinds of genus Phallus in the guild masters, journeymen and prentices. The master carpenter would confound a lot of knowl distinctness and had the ability to take in an appr entice to whom he could pass on his knowledge.The apprentice would live with the master, train with him and would receive food, clothing, shelter and the masters wisdom in lieu of a paycheck. After a hanker enough period of time, anywhere between five and nine years, the apprentice could continue on and become a journeyman. He could then(prenominal) work for payment, start his own shop, and subsequently gaining enough experience would take on an apprentice himself and would thus become a master. The carpenters guilds were the beginning roots that would eventually grow into our modern labor unions and associations.The first carpenter unions began in 1724 which helped regulate hours and pay for workers and allow for benefits and assistance for the unemployed member workers. After the first Industrial Revolution, a herculeanly a(prenominal) modifications were made to the hoboonical carpentry tools for greater efficiency, but they retained many of the same characteristics from t he received endeavor, most of which we still use today. Axes, hatchets and other thick blades were common for chopping wood, nevertheless as it is now. Chisels, which are tools with a sharp beveled edge, originated back then, as did the gouge, which is a chisel with a concavo-convex cross-section.Different kinds of adages were originated for different purposes and mallets, which are small, rubber hammers, and plumping metal hammers were also just as popular in the gist Ages as they are now. In every modern carpenters garage or personal workshop, there are a few tools that are infallible for close to every fuddle, whether it be large or small. The first one of these is the force-out circular saw. This is a power-driven saw in which a circular disc with a toothed edge that rotates at a high speed. It is particularly useful when used to cut across grains of wood on large or thick planks of wood.Another chief(prenominal) tool to select is the nail gun. It uses compressed air to drive the nails into the wood. This saves two on work time and on energy levels, but as long as there is a basic hammer, it bequeath do the trick. The power drill is of vital importance. Also called a pneumatic drill, it drills holes through and through the wood and prehendes or detaches screws. Another necessity is the router, which is used to create hollowed areas in wood. It has a shaped cutter and toilette cut grooves into the wood. Another basic, but necessary, carpentry tool is the level. This is a device that helps the carpenter ensure the last-place project has straight edges.The old fashioned levels had two to four hoof it bars with a glass tube with a line on it in it. The newer levels, which are much more accurate, improved and user-friendly, are digital. all house postulate a tape measure, even for non-carpentry uses, but it is very important in a carpenters toolbox to have a tape measure so he or she discharge measure everything out accurately. The last vita l thing to have in your toolbox is a framing square. Framing squares are steel L-shaped squares that are very simple, but very important as it helps you lay out accurate right angles.Modern carpenters build all different things and use sundry(a) materials, but true to their profession work primarily work with wood. There are a few popular kinds of woods often used by carpenters three of these include ash, pine, and oak. Ash is usually found in northern latitudes. The color is greenish white when its young, but after it has matured, the older channelises have turned into a dark, beautifully marked timber. fade is a blanket term for all steers that bear cones, but it can be broadly distinguished into Red/Yellow (both of which are indifferently used) or White.The first kind has a ground color of white-livered with pale red markings across it, whereas the other kind is a milky color, hence the given names. Oak is another commonly used wood among carpenters. The best place to find O ak is in America and broad Britain. The grain of the wood considerably open, or porous, however it is extremely hard and durable. This makes it difficult to work and can dull a workers tools very good, but because of its durability, it makes for ideal medium to work with for building houses, floors, staircases, doors, wall panels, tables, chairs, sideboards, and other pieces of furniture.It is dark in color and can be sensitive to a high sheen. The same basic steps are almost always used when hireting ready before starting a job by all carpenters for the most part. They start by designing, if it is necessary to, and laying out their project this includes all of the measuring, marking and arranging of the materials that studys to be done. After that, the carpenter will then cut and shape all of the materials, using a combination of his or her hand and power tools. The next step is to join the items together. This can be done by nails, staples or glue.To increase the accuracy in the final project, it is necessary to down the tape measure and framing square through the entire process. many another(prenominal) carpenters do different carpentry tasks, but a lot of them distinguish in one or two tasks. Those who remodel homes for instance, use a wide variety of skills. They will take aim to know how to do everything from building countertops to window forms. Others market themselves as experts in their specific fields, such as cabinet installation or moldings. Working as a carpenter can be stressful physically and mentally.The physical demands can take aim standing for a long time, climbing, bending, kneeling and more. There is always a risk of getting hurt from slipping or falling from the roof or off a l summarizeer or one could get seriously injured from working with the dangerous tools. As far as mentally, carpenters will usually work under independent contracts and with these can come a strict deadline. They usually average about 40 hours per week, w hich can also be stressful on the mind and body. About cardinal percent of carpenters are self-employed. According to CollegeBoard, the average income of self-employed carpenters is $43,640.In this economy, self-employment can be hit or miss, but my good friends Paul and Samuel Jobe, who own Jobes Carpentry, and have inspired me with their successful business and have helped in change magnitude my stake in the trade. I was influenced into studying carpentry for my senior project for a variety of reasons. I love taking things apart to retrace them and learning how things work. This trait is a testimony to my manual dexterity and the way my mind thinks mechanically. I think carpentry would be a seminal and interesting way for me to express these skills and something I would enjoy.Another incentive that has drawn my interest has been that I really think it would be interesting to study the trade Jesus practiced, as part of my own walk of faith in an attempt to grow closer with Him . I wanted my project to affect more than my own life I want to make a difference for someone, so I decided to rebuild a steer house that belongs to my 9 year old friend, Sam Ritner. The Ritners have had the manoeuver house for longer than Ive known them. They had it for their older sons who have long outgrown it. It is now falling part to the point that it is barely recognizable for what it truly is. I know that by rebuilding it, I will not only enjoy the work and the experience, but it will create a fun and exciting place for Sam and his friends to hang out which is fulfillment in itself. Making that sort of impact on a babes life would mean the world to me. To begin, Ill first go out to the tree house and evaluate the damage. Right now, it does not have a roof or walls anymore. I will then evanesce out all the ivy and debris thats grown up around it and take the measurements needed for the final project.As I previously mentioned, my friend, Samuel Jobe, is a carpenter and h e has agreed to help me out through the design process and aid me in picking out the materials I need to complete it. This includes the measuring, marking and arranging the materials. After drawing up the blueprints for the tree house and taking a trip to the hardware store for all of our supplies, well begin the actual construction on the tree house. First, Ill alter the floor with traverses. The tree house currently has only one crossbeam still supporting the floor. I plan on installing at least two or three crossbeams in order to fetch more support to the floor.Then, Ill remake the ladder. The ladder currently is lose a step and is very unstable. I plan on making the ladder by placeting two pieces of wood on any side, and putting at least three or four smaller pieces for steps in the middle. Next, Ill construct the framework and the support organization of the house. As of right now, there is no framework on the tree house there is only a platform. I will pre-fabricate the frame on the ground so I dont need to try to construct it in the air. I plan on using brackets to screw the uprights of the frame to the floor.Then, I will erect the walls. At least one of the walls will have a window built in. I will use plywood for the walls and cover them in stucco or another type of siding. Then, I will make the roof. It will be a pitched roof, so rain water will easily roll off the top. To waterproof it and protect it from water, I will attach felt over a thin plywood base and then cover it with shingles. Also with applying these materials, we will add a waterproof crack as the first primer coat to the wood. Afterwards, I will put in the door and install the shutters of the windows.The window will be a rectangular window and will have a cross in the middle with shutters extending to the outsides of the window. Finally, I will put an outdoor stain on the wood as paint. It will be a dark dark-brown color and will go over the waterproof stain that had been previ ously coated. The shutters will be painted dark forest green to add to the ambiance of the tree house. This will be sure to make the tree house as waterproof as possible, while also adding manner and making it stand out. While building the tree house, I will photograph the process. This will include the before and after shots as sanitary as pictures of it being constructed.The action shots will include me sawing the wood, drilling, and painting along with other challenging tasks. I will compile all of the pictures and create a scrapbook to bring in for my presentation to the judges. Carpentry is an interesting keep down that has been practiced for thousands and thousands of years, since man created tools. To be using a craft that has been such an influence on the development of civilization and to be using it for to crystalize a kids day makes the effort behind it so worthwhile. This project means a lot to me and I am idealistic to present it as my final project of high school.