Edger Allan Poe essays

Edger Allan Poe essays Ssshhh! Whats that noise beneath the floor? Sound familiar, maybe you have heard this revised phrase from shows like, The Simpsons or Friends. That phrase came from The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, who was a write ahead of his time. He produced many classic books that are still read today, but like all authors he had to start from the beginning. Edgar Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Baltimore, Massachusetts, to father Dave and mother Elizabeth Poe. Edgar had a brother, William Henry, and a sister, Rosaline. Shortly thereafter, his family moved to New York where his father, David Poe, resumed his acting career. David soon quit acting and abandoned his family. He died a short time later (Wagenknecht). Soon afterward, Edgars mother, Elizabeth, developed tuberculosis at the age of twenty-four and died, The image of his mothers young, still, white face was to haunt Edgar for the rest of his life (Wright). A young tobacco merchant and importer from Richmond, John Allen and his wife Frances, took in Edgar. His older brother, William, was taken by his grandfather and his sister, Rosaline, was taken by another family member that lived in Richmond. They loved him like their own child. This was how Edgar received his middle name Allan, threw his new family. In 1815, John Allan moved his family to England and while there Edgar was sent to private school. For five years he studied in England with his new family that he loved very much. After his five years in England the Allans moved back to America. It was said that Mrs. Allan loved Edgar very much, but the story was different with John. Although Edgar and Johns relationship may have seemed at times unloving John always took care of Edgar and in return he had Edgars respect (Wright). In 1826, Edgar went back to America; there he attended the University of Virginia. He was an outstanding student and excelled in vario...

Free Essays on Peter Abelards “Medeival Ethics“

In Peter Abilard's "Ethical Writings", he entertains the idea that the soul may be injured. He believes the only way to injure the soul is to offend god. He calls this sin. There are different ways of sinning, among them ways where the act isn’t then considered sin at all. The two things that compose a sin are the will, and consent. When they agree, in most cases, a sin is born. For example, if a person thinks about having sex with someone else’s spouse, even if they don’t actually do it, they have committed a sin. Respectively, if that same person has sex with someone else’s spouse mistaking them for their own, there is no sin. The will must be present first in order for anything to occur. The will is the impetus for the idea (sin). Without the will (which acts on the rational part of the soul and dominates the conscious mind), there can be no consent. The non-rational part of the soul which dominates the subconscious mind then considers the idea. The subconscious either accepts or rejects what the outcome of the idea is. If the outcome is accepted, this is what we call consent. If it is rejected, there can be no sin committed because the outcome is not accepted and thus it is no longer a willful process. When this outcome is consented to, this means that a sin has been committed. To explain by using the examples above; in the first example, the will has presented the idea of having sex with another person’s spouse. The subconscious looks at the result of the action, and obviously is not opposed, so consent is granted to think about the act. In the other example, when this happens the will has not presented the idea of a sin, because the conscious mind believes this other person is someone else. The subconscious does not object to the outcome because of the false will, so consent is granted for the act, but it is not a sin because the consent was not given for the act. Through these exampl... Free Essays on Peter Abelard's â€Å"Medeival Ethicsâ€Å" Free Essays on Peter Abelard's â€Å"Medeival Ethicsâ€Å" In Peter Abilard's "Ethical Writings", he entertains the idea that the soul may be injured. He believes the only way to injure the soul is to offend god. He calls this sin. There are different ways of sinning, among them ways where the act isn’t then considered sin at all. The two things that compose a sin are the will, and consent. When they agree, in most cases, a sin is born. For example, if a person thinks about having sex with someone else’s spouse, even if they don’t actually do it, they have committed a sin. Respectively, if that same person has sex with someone else’s spouse mistaking them for their own, there is no sin. The will must be present first in order for anything to occur. The will is the impetus for the idea (sin). Without the will (which acts on the rational part of the soul and dominates the conscious mind), there can be no consent. The non-rational part of the soul which dominates the subconscious mind then considers the idea. The subconscious either accepts or rejects what the outcome of the idea is. If the outcome is accepted, this is what we call consent. If it is rejected, there can be no sin committed because the outcome is not accepted and thus it is no longer a willful process. When this outcome is consented to, this means that a sin has been committed. To explain by using the examples above; in the first example, the will has presented the idea of having sex with another person’s spouse. The subconscious looks at the result of the action, and obviously is not opposed, so consent is granted to think about the act. In the other example, when this happens the will has not presented the idea of a sin, because the conscious mind believes this other person is someone else. The subconscious does not object to the outcome because of the false will, so consent is granted for the act, but it is not a sin because the consent was not given for the act. Through these exampl...

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 23

Business - Essay Example Means offunding the care cost was another factors and the following graph shows distribution of responses over private funding, social services funding, and an integration of the two. More than 52 of the respondents reported an all private funding while 30.4 percent reported an intergration of both public and private funding. Only 17.4 percent reported application of all social funding for the home care services. Annuity and insurance are unpopular methods for private funding of home care services, having been reported by a total of eight percent. Seventy five percent of the respondents who used private funding reported use of savings while 22 percent sold houses. In case the priimary resources run out, the the â€Å"means are tested† and â€Å"social service† identify secondary liability as the following graph shows. The results show that only 27 percent of relatives are willing to top up care cost if social service assumes the primary responsibility of funding the care. The remaining 72 percent of the relatives did not take the top up

Supply Chain and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Supply Chain and Operations Management - Essay Example Few businesses understood the entire chain of activities but where inadequately managed which ultimately delivered products to the final customers. Although the activities were brought to fulfilment, often the supply chains were ineffectively led. Supply chain management can thus be explained as the active management of activities related to supply chain in order maximise the value of the customer, thereby achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities range from product development, production, sourcing to logistics (Ketchen and Giunpero, 2004). The organizations that form the supply chain are closely linked together through information flows and physical flows. Physical flow is characterized by the movement, storage and transformation of materials and goods. Information flows allow the various supply chain associates to coordinate their long term plans as well as control their daily flow of materials and goods up and down the supply chain. However, simple as it may seem, supply chain management is associated with a certain degree of complexity and with complexity comes the risk factor (Halley and Beaulieu, 2009). This topic forms the basis for this research. The following sections will involve a thorough analysis of the main characteristics of material requirements planning (MRP) and Just-in-time (JIT). Advantages and disadvantages of JIT and MRP will be stated and a detailed comparison will be done. Thereafter, the risks associated with the supply chain management will be discussed in details, followed by the ways that can be implemented in order to mitigate such risks. Finally, an overall conclusion will be provided. Discussion Supply Chain Management in Toyota Supply chain management at Toyota Motor Corporation is a constituent of the company’s operations strategy which is systematically based on the Toyota Production Systems (TPS). The supply chain management framework was developed in the 1940s by Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Sh ingo. With the company’s success becoming attaining a worldwide coverage, the Toyota Production System was followed by other companies with keen interest. The principle idea that was followed in the company’s production system is expressed by the term ‘lean manufacturing’. The components of Toyota’s supplier partnering hierarchy are interlocking structures, mutual understanding and trust, control systems, information sharing, compatible capabilities, kaizen and learning and joint improvement activities. The Toyota production system thoroughly impotents implements the Just in Time Strategy (JIT) which is a system that arranges the resources, information flows and decision rules in such a way that it enables a firm to realise the benefits of implementing such a system. JIT is a business viewpoint for maintaining a competitive advantage which is based on the idea of incessant development and eradication of waste. This system helps to carry out work thr ough various operations by signals (called Kanban). The components of just in time system are very proactive as far as exposing problems within a company’s supply chain management framework is concerned. The components play a crucial role in reducing the problems thereby formulating an even sound supply chain management strategy. The components are based on the principles of pull production which based in Kanban, total quality management, reducing inventory by involving the suppliers in the planning process, elimination of waste, continuous

Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS‘s Qasida Essay Example for Free

Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS‘s Qasida Essay INTRODUCTION Fatemi Literature bears witness to Doat Kiram AS’s firm devotion to the zikr of Amirul mumineenAS. They have a characteristic approach different from others in recognizing the disposition of Amirul mumineenAS.and in this way they have made a significant contribution in the field of knowledge. Out of the treasure of knowledge, one can distinguish easily the classical works of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS . Al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS who has surpassed a celestial century has adorned with the magnificent and gathering brightness the office of Dai-el-Mutlaq. He holds the keys of treasure house of Fatemi knowledge and bears the torch of learning handed down from Nabi MohammedSA through his successor. His holiness is not only the heir to that great tradition of learning, literature, poetry,learning and teaching are the broad facts which received his distinguish attention and filled every moment of his life. This Qasida Mubarakah â€Å"ABA HASANIN YA SAMI YA ALI† may be stated to follow in the line of his famous work and to serve the reader with the essence of understanding Amirul MumineenAS’s disposition. As each verse open up with fruitful information and reveals a treasure of knowledge and wisdom .Its thirty verse which seems thirty shinning rays enlightening the path towards the recognisation of Amirul Mumineen AS .At times it’s a gift to Mumineen as a ritual to offer gift to dear ones on return of successful journey. The Qasida with its simple words lead the reader to recite it repeatedly and enjoy the beauty beyon d words. Hence, to understand the Qasida and get blessed with its Barakat, analyzing can be done. Analyzing the poem is like exploring a town .when we first approach it we notice main roads, larger building and landmarks. A step further, small streets, narrow lanes and unusual stores add details to understand the culture and people of the town. Similarly with the poem we can experience the satisfaction of signs offered by poet to explore his poem. Poet expects us to lead our imagination wander freely as we go through sounds and experience the images of the poem. Analyzing concept is important in every literature; the difference is that words changes but the concept remains the same. In Islamic literature it is known as naqd and in fatemi literature analyzing a poetic verse is known as tehlil. The concept of tehlil in its own bears a unique factor amongst others. Islamic literature concept of naqd reveals all types of appreciation and negative factors dealed by the poet. However in fatemi literature tehlil concept leads us to the path of eternity. They act as a savior for the one who follows them, hence there can be no place for any criticism or false in them. This paper will discuss briefly about the discerning disposition of Amirul Mumineen AS and his dai, al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS under five points as follows :- 1) Perseverance of barakat of adab of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mu’ayyad al-shiraziRA and al-Dai-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA in adab of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS 2) Distinguishing status al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUSin praise of Amirul MumineenAS 3) Divine character of Amirul MumineenAS in light of this Qasida. 4) Iltejah of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS near Amirul MumineenAS 5) Acknowledgment of the sublime position of Amirul Mumineen AS and n light of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in the light Imam’s statement :- ‘Through analysis, a true personality can be identified’. 1) BARAKAT OF al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin’s Adab in Adab of Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS The point here will briefly discuss about how the barakat of both the dai’s adab merged and united with the adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS. By analyzing the verses of this qasida, the reader gets clear picture that the maa’ni remain constant and stable, but its beauty gets multiplied and splendid when transferred in adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS as it is mentioned by Amirul Jamea. Ø §Ã™â€  Ù…Ø ¹Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ «Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ ªÃ˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ³Ã˜ ªÃ™â€šÃ™Å Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ù„Ø § هي Ø ­Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å Ã˜ «Ã˜ © ولØ § هي Ù‚Ø ¯Ã™Å Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ø ¨Ã™â€ž Ù…Ø ¹Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø ªÃ™â€žÃ™Æ' Ø ­Ã™Å Ã™â€ Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § ÙˆØ µÃ™â€žÃ˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€ž من Ø §Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€žÃ˜ © Ø ²Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø ¨Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ © Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã™Å Ã˜ ¶Ã˜ §Ã˜ ­ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ «Ã™â€žÃ˜ © ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€žÃ˜ © The maa’ni remains constant while its beauty spreads through its flow. Thereafter, the reason behind specifically choosing both dai’s adab is stated, that al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has informed in his letter towards Mumineen of Yemen that he wrote Qasida near the shrine of Amirul Mumineen AS following his father’s footsteps. The Arabic word used in the respect of his father’s high position valedi valed-ul jami which reveals gesture towards his father and father of all doat-e-mutlaqeen. al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § Ø ³Ã™â€¦Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ±Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã™  Ø ®Ã™ Ã™Å  Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  The first verse beautifully approaches the meaning hidden beyond the words which enhances the barakat of both the dai, as the first half of the first stanza shows the barakat of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA’s adab as he states:- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § نـ ـــØ ¸Ã™Å Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ °Ã™Å Ã˜ ±* ولــــولØ § ÙˆØ ¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¯Ã™Æ' Ù Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ §Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã™â‚¬Ã˜ ¸Ã™Å Ã˜ ± And the second half reflects the light of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin’s Adab It is discussed deeply on how both dai al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RAand al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS have addressed Amirul Muminen AS. After a deep study one can get idea on how al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA had portrayed dignity of Amirul Mumineen AS as analogous to Nabi Mohammed SA in his every deed and action. The word â€Å"NAZIR† represents through its literal meaning that as Nabi Mohammed SA is perceived through naked eyes, his actions, works are seen by people. As far as Allah’s presence is concerned , then he is beyond imagination and thoughts to perceive. He is known through his name, hence al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS, while praising Amirul MumineenAS in his relation with Allah’s high position he states oh Namesake of Allah! His action presents the divine trait like Allah. Hence both dai, has portrayed perfect picture of Amirul Mumineen†s nobility on both sides with Nabi Mohammed SA and Allah. This way through analysis the whole Qasida can be studied in respect with al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS’s mastery in command on Arabic vocabulary inheriting all virtues of the previous doat mutlaqeen . Similarly these verses of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS:- Ø §Ã˜ °Ã˜ § Ø ¹Ã™â€  Ø ®Ã˜ ·Ã˜ ¨ Ù Ã™â€šÃ™â€ž ÙŠØ § Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€ž Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³Ã™â€¦Ã™â€¡ ينØ ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Ø §Ã˜ °Ã˜ § Ù…Ø § Ø ±Ã˜ ¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã˜ ³ Ø ±Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ * Ø ¨Ã˜ ­Ã˜ ±Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © Ù‡Ø °Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ™Å  Whenever, problem hurdles you, just call upon â€Å"ya Allah† and your problem will be solved. Recalls the verse of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA:- Ø §Ã™â€  Ø §Ã˜ ²Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ªÃ™Æ' ملمØ © Ø §Ã™Ë†Ã™Æ'Ø ±Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ © * ÙˆØ ±Ã˜ ¬Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø ªÃ™â€ Ã™ Ã™Å Ã˜ ³Ã˜ § Ù Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã˜ § â€Å"Whenever a calamity or torment comes in your way and you hope to free yourself just call upon â€Å"YA ALI†. This verse shows the strong solidarity in both dai’s literature that there is unique harmony in their thoughts and notions, the supremacy that both the verses represrnts both dai’s faith and certainly. Al –dai-al- Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA states in his verse to chant â€Å"ya ali†,whereas al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS mentions the word qul. This choice of word reveals that Amirul MumineenAS heard the nida of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA to fulfill his hope for ziyarat in his successor al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS,as syedna proclaims that he is chanting â€Å"ya ali’s† tasbih beneath the zarih which conveys that the distance syncronises and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA nida got heard, as al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS gets blessed with the ziyarat. Further on moving to the next verse:- Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  * Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ±Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ¨ Whereas al-Dai-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA states that:- Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  * Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ±Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ³Ã˜ ±Ã™â€° Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¨Ã™â€ž The reader will surely notice that 3/4th part of both verses are having exactly same words and meaning, which seems that two streams are flowing from single source , and two rays emerging from one light . Both the dai are praying salaam on Amirul MumineenAS and praising him. Thereafter the last two words of each verse is different from each other but they were similar in there meaning as it was leadership quality of all imam. Historically it is known that angels recited salaam on Amirul MumineenAS through their visits and respected him gladly. Hence,both dai are angels in their every act and performance. further moving on the point concludes the meaning of salaam which is noticed by al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna al-Mu’ayyad al –Shirazi RA in his majalis, that salaam is the reason to peace and serenity, secondly its greeting of angels, thirdly salaam is one of Allah’s name which means that Allah is beyond any changes and differentiates and lastly amongst the names of heaven there is one name called salaam, for its peace from hurdles and grieves. All the four meanings of salaam can be identified is dai’s salaam, hence it is al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS bounties and blessings that he graces us with the gestures of shield from the upcoming dilemma’s and problems. This way the barakat of al-Dai-aal-Ajal Syedna Mu’yyad ShiraziRA and al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA got merged and its maa’ni got preserved in adab of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS high status in glorifying Amirul Mumineen AS This point deals with the notable position of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS while praising Amirul mumineen AS. He simply described in the qasida that it is a pride to praise Amirul mumineen as he states :- Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ § Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø °Ã™Æ'Ø ±Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Æ'Ù†Ø ² منه * Ø §Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å Ã˜ ªÃ™Å  Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¦Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø ªÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ªÃ™â€žÃ™Å  (The zikr of Amirul Mumineen AS is a precious treasure which fills my vessel forever.) The reader is ought to ponder deeply and marvel at the significance of connection in this verse between the two words â€Å"treasure† and â€Å"vessel†, as in Arabic language the literal meaning for treasure is† the chores and items which are preserved in the vessel.† Thereby it draws the attention towards Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS intention, in using the word vessel; the vessel of knowledge. The verse throws light on the strong distinctive relation of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS with Amirul MumineenAS. Amirul mumineen AS by himself is allah’s zikr. Also Nabi Mohammed RA has disclosed his position and status as the Red Ruby. Undoubtly Red Ruby is a very precious and beautiful and a very rare and expensive as per Imam Ahmed al- MasturAS states :- Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ª Ø µÃ˜ §Ã™ Ã™Å Ã˜ © Ø ´Ã™ Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã˜ © Ù…Ø ®Ã˜ ªÃ™â€žÃ™ Ã˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã™â€  ومن منØ §Ã™ Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€  من Ø ªÃ˜ ®Ã˜ ªÃ™â€¦ Ø ¨Ã˜ ´Ã™Å Ã˜ ¡ منه ÙˆÙÆ'Ø §Ã™â€  Ù Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¯Ã˜ © Ù‚Ø ¯ Ø §Ã˜ µÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ø §Ã™â€¡Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë†Ã™Å Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Ë†Ã™â€  Ø ³Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ منه Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ °Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€žÃ™â€¡ ونØ ¨Ã™â€ž Ù Ã™Å  Ø §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å Ã™â€  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³ Similarly Amirul mumineen’s personality refl ects his purity of Iman, love for Nabi Mohammed RA and divine sacrifice for Allah’s deen holds a great devotion to the zikr of Amirul Mumineen AS.througout his whole life he has remained engrossed in recalling Amirul MumineenAS miracle, his charity, his bounties and his sacrifices to islam. Repeatedly he recalls Amirul Mumineen AS status and every time from an different prospective. Further on, this point discusses about his verses,vasail and bayanaat reclaims his unwavering and ever lasting dedication for Amirul Mumineen AS ,such as :- Ø ¨Ã˜ ­Ã™â€š Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  له Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ­ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ § * Ø ¨ للØ ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ±Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦ Ù„Ø ªÃ™ Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ­ لمØ ±Ã˜ ¡ يوØ §Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€¡ Ø µÃ˜ ¯Ã™â€šÃ˜ § * Ù„Ø ¯Ã™â€° Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Ë†Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦ In this two couplet, Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS had condensed the fatemi manner of praying towards Allah. Both the couplets reflects Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS modesty as he pleads and asks Allah to open the door of heaven for mumineen for the sake and mean of the doors which opened for Amirul Mumineen AS, further more choices of word sidqan reveals many aspects like :- 1. Amirul mumineenAS’s loyalty and r faithful attitude towards undoubtly. 2. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS immense love for Amirul mumineenAS 3. Thirdly it shows that none but the mumineen are the true devotees. Furthermore, the word â€Å"door† enfolds the feeling of ubudiyah as being the abd of Amirul mumineen, who has come to his doorsteps seeking knowledge and help. Also the word â€Å"door† represents amirul mumineen’s high status of the door to city of knowledge as Nabi Mohammed SA states :- I am the city of knowledge and ali is the gateway. Whosoever seeks the knowledge must come to the gateway. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS has sacrificed all precious gems and jewels in the making of his shrine, because the real magnificent treasure is gained through chanting his name and zikr. As the point concludes the reader receives insight in to the deep erudition of the author and his supremacy as an exponent of fatemi knowledge and literacy style. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS ‘s , unique and extra ordinary personality emerged brightly by declaring his successor Syedi -va -Moulaya Muffadal b.s. SaifuddinTUS, as he stands at the position of ina ,the word whose Arabic count is 53 indicating his high status. As he also stands 53rd in his succession. Likewise he is known as Yemen’s agate, just like Amirul MumineenAS was named as the Red ruby. So it concludes that by zikr of amirul mumineen ,the vessel of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS fills to the brim and same way by the zikr of Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS and Syedi va-Moulaya Muffadal bhaisaheb Saifuddin TUS mumineen’s vessel of knowledge gets broader by time . Hence by giving proper meaning of vessel and treasure the message of syedna reaches to every mumineen’s heart. DIVINE ATTRIBUTES OF MOULANA ALI This point summarizes the divine attributes of Amirul Mumineen AS portrayed in the Qasida. Al-Dai-al-Ajal-Syedna Taher SaifuddinRA has distinctly depicted Amirul Mumineen AS’s divine attribute in one of his ibarah. He states :- هو Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™â€ž ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ®Ã˜ ± ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¸Ã˜ §Ã™â€¡Ã˜ ± ÙˆØ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ·Ã™â€  He is the first and the last. He is manifest and subtle. This magnificent description clearly explains that none other than Amirul Mumineen AS posses the divine and celestial traits. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS narrates through each verse that each and every significant qualities of Amirul Mumineen AS proclaims that he is the namesake of Allah. By Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS keen observation and powerful insight, he can perceive the clear image of Amirul Mumineen AS before his eyes, so that he expresses:- ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  لمØ § Ø §Ã˜ ®Ã˜ §Ã˜ ·Ã˜ ¨ Ø ± Ø ¨Ã™Å  * Ø §Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ µÃ˜ ±Ã˜ © ÙŠØ § Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  With my insight, I chant,call upon â€Å"ya ali† whenever I address my Allah. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS proceeds to postulate a true picture of Amirul Mumineen AS as a divine personality. As it may be noted that the word â€Å"betabseratin† has within it, inherent, the need to analyze the verses properly and study Amirul Mumineen AS divine attribute. Below are few verse which will portray the position of Amirul Mumineen AS as the namesake of Allah:- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ § Ø ­Ã˜ ³Ã™â€  ÙŠØ § Ø ³Ã™â€¦Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€žÃ™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã˜ ±Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ ·Ã™  Ø ®Ã™ Ã™Å  Ø ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  O’aba hasan ! The namesake of al ali (Allah ta’ala) grant me both your subtle and apparent benevolence. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS dwells upon the way he chants ya ali for addressing Allah. The word Ali in Arabic literature means powerful, prominent. Also Ali is one of Allah’s hundred names. Thereby it proves that Amirul Mumineen AS is the namesake of Allah physically and spiritually. Further on; Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS states:- Ø §Ã™Æ'Ø §Ã˜ ´Ã™  ÙÆ'Ø ±Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ © Ù…ÙÆ'Ø ªÃ˜ ¦Ã˜ ¨ * Ø §Ã˜ ´Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã™Å  Ù…Ø ±Ã˜ ¡ Ø ¨Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡ Ø ¨Ã™â€žÃ™â‚¬Ã™â€° Oh savior of sorrowful from all pains. Oh healer of sickness from unwell. In both of this verses Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS addresses Amirul Mumineen AS as a savior from all torments and grieves. This verse can be analyzed historically as there are many evident and events which clarify that, it is only Amirul Mumineen AS personal attribute to give life to dead, and many extravagant miracles such as, his family being in hard circumstances he chose to help miqdad and granted him one dinar. As a human nature one can never ever decide to help other and choose his happiness on his family. Hence Amirul Mumineen AS deserves to be the namesake of Allah by this kind of his attributes. ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' ميØ ª وهل *ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€¦Ã˜ ­Ã™Å Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ±Ã™â€¦Ã™Å Ã™â€¦ Ø ®Ã™â€žÃ™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' ÙŠØ §Ã˜ ±Ã˜ ­Ã™â€¦Ã˜ © * Ø ¯Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å  Ø ¨Ã™â€ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ± Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¬Ã˜ ­Ã™Å Ã™â€¦ Ø µÃ™â€žÃ™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™â€° ÙŠØ ³Ã˜ §Ã™Ë†Ã™Å Ã™Æ' Ø ¬Ã˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã˜ ¹ Ø °Ã™Æ'Ø ±* Ø ¹Ã˜ ¯Ã™Ë† Ø ªÃ˜ ­Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ±Ã˜ °Ã™â€ž The three verses complete the penetrating argument Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS makes with the followers of abu bakar, usmaan and omar. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in his interrogative manner, simply depicts the divine character of Amirul Mumineen AS as benefactor of life, instead he gives life to perished bones. The power to give life is only for Allah, the creator. But it’s Amirul Mumineen AS honor to show this mir acle to the universe and emerge in his magnificent status. Hence there is no compatibility between Amirul Mumineen AS and abubakr. Today Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS represents Amirul Mumineen AS distinguishing personality between the world. His noble works in every field shows his devotion towards the upliftment of Mumineen. Being at the age of 100, his devotion towards Imam’s khidmat and tafadi increases by day and time. The golden era, the celestial century witnesses all his humble chores and works. By each day his spiritual strength gets well fortified. Today he posses divine attribute. Hence it’s all because of Amirul MumineenAS ‘s subtle and apparent benevolence. May Allah grant him a life in prosperity and perfect health for all eternity ILTEJAH of aL-Dai alAjal TOWARDS AMIRUL MUMINEEN AS This point briefly gives details on the ILTEJAH of al-Dai-al Ajal -Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS towards Amirul Mumineen AS. Its specifically written in the preface of the Qasida that al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has written in ILTEJAH. The iltejah of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS reflects in his verses. The modesty al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS had shown near Amirul Mumineen AS. The tears which al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS shed near Amirul Mumineen AS for the forgiveness of mumineen’s sins and offences . The verse merely potrays al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS khudu by Imam Ali Zainul AbedinRA’s khudu. The following verse completely resembles dua of Imam Ali ZainulabedinRA :- Ø §Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨ Ù…Ø ¯Ã™Å Ã™â€ Ã™â€¡ Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã˜ ¨Ã™Å  * Ø ³Ã˜ £Ã™â€žÃ˜ ªÃ™Æ' للمØ ¤Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ Ã™Å Ã™â€  ولي Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' Ù‚Ø ¯ Ù„Ø °Ã˜ ª Ø ®Ã˜ ° à ˜ ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  * Ù Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Æ' Ù„ÙÆ'Ù‡Ù  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™Ë† موØ ¦Ã™â€žÃ™Å  The dua of ImamRA :- Ù Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' . . . Ø ­Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã˜ ± Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' .. . Ù…Ø ­Ã˜ ªÃ˜ §Ã˜ ¬ Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' . . Ù Ã™â€¡Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø ³Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¦Ã™â€ž Ø ¨Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¨Ã™Æ' As seen the verse depicts the same emotions and pain felt in the dua. The words are touching and heartfelt. Like a saa’il al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS represents himself near Amirul MumineenAS and seeks for help and ease. The generosity al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS possess that he first asks for Mumineen and secondly he asks for himself. The second verse potrays the picture of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS holding the shrine of Amirul MumineenAS with both hands and praying near him. Thereafter al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS beseeches near Amirul MumineenAS by repetitions of sorrowful words like :- Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ˜ «Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ˜ «Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø §Ã˜ ºÃ™Ë†Ã˜ « Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã˜ ¨Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯ * Ø ¹Ã™â€žÃ™â€° Ø ¹Ã˜ ¬Ã™ „ ولØ ¯Ã™â€° Ø §Ã˜ ¬Ã™â€ž Help me, help me oh saviour, in our daily life and near our demise . The repetitions of words play an important role in Arabic literature it makes the text delightful while reading. Secondly it confirms the meaning beyond words and assures it truly. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS here conveys a message, a teaching that Amirul MumineenAS is always there for mumineen in his good and bad times. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS himself prays through this verse that may Allah always keep us with Hudaat Kiraam and devoid us to see any such morning where one of us have to beg from someone else then aa’le mohammedAS. The point concludes with the analysis of three verses in context with al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS succesor Syedi-va-Moulayi-Muffadal bhaisaheb SaifiddinTUS’s prestige and dignity. The verses are as follows:- Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€ Ã™Æ' مولى ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  * Ø §Ã˜ ªÃ˜ ¨Ã˜ ªÃ™Æ' Ù…Ø ³Ã˜ ªÃ™â€šÃ˜ ¨Ã™â€žÃ˜ § Ù Ã˜ §Ã™â€šÃ˜ ¨Ã™â€ž ÙˆØ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å  Ù„Ø ¨Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ ¯Ã™Æ' Ø §Ã˜ ³Ã™Æ'Ù†Ø ªÃ™â€¡ من * Ø ¯Ã˜ ¹Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¡Ã™â‚¬Ã™Æ' Ù Ã™Å  Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ Ã˜ ¹ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¦Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€šÃ™â€ž Ø §Ã™â€¦Ã™Ë†Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™Å  Ø ³Ã™Æ'Ù† Ù Ã˜ ¤Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¯Ã™Å  ÙˆØ §Ã™â€¦Ã™â€  * Ø ¨Ã™ Ã˜ ¶Ã™â€žÃ™Æ' Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€¡Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€° ÙˆØ ¬Ã™â€žÃ™Å  These three verses play a magnificent rol e in the whole Qasida. It summarizes the complete aim of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS plead near Amirul MumineenAS. It reveals the gesture of declaring his successor. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS ,addresses Amirul MumineenAS as â€Å"moulaya† and represents himself as his faithful abd. And recalls his bounties upon him that he is secured and protected by his prayers. Hereby the metaphor â€Å"protected fort† is used to beautify the notion of the whole picture, that how a moula takes care of his abeed,the responsibilities he is carrying and the attention for servants. AL-DAI-AJAL Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS seeks â€Å"sukun† for his soul by the grace of Amirul MumineenAS. There is a deep connection between the word sukun and befadlek that Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has deeply revealed , he attained sukun by declaring his successor with the benevolence of Amirul MumineenAS. The word befadlek denotes the historical event when Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS sent his successor to kufa when enemies of dawat tried to put another shrine in place of the shrine which was constructed by dawat and by the grace of Amirul MumineenAS and Syedi-va-Molaya- Muffadal bhaisaheb SaifuddinTUS’s hardwork and diginity , the governments decision was in our favour. There by leading al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS iltejah near Amirul MumineenAS piously that Amirul MumineenAS answered his prayer and enabled him for this amal-e- jalil. May Allah grant al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS a long and prosperous life with his successor till eternity. Ameen Acknowledgment of the sublime position of Amirul Mumineen AS and n light of al-Dai-a-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS in the light Imam’s statement Imam Ahmed al- Mastur AS states:- ÙˆØ ¨Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ªÃ˜ ­Ã™â€žÃ™Å Ã™â€ž Ø ªÃ˜ ¹Ã˜ ±Ã™  Ø ­Ã™â€šÃ™Å Ã™â€šÃ˜ © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã˜ ´Ã˜ ®Ã˜ §Ã˜ µ ‘Through analysis one can identify real personality.’ Imam Ahmed al-Mastur’s AS statement clearly shows the importance of analysis in literature. So at the end of the paper, the reader gets a complete idea that its indicate to recognize the magnificent position of AMIRUL MUMINEEN (A.S.) and to identify deeply his personality. It’s a great pleasure for a mumin that in the benedictions of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS he can recognize the disposition of Amirul MumineenAS in his minor limits. As to identify his personality the foremost step is to understand and preserve the glory of his dai al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanussin TUS But the inability of one’s thought and power hurdles to acknowledge the magnificent position of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS. Hence the real acknowledgement of Amirul MumineenAS and his dai’s glorification is to acceptt that they are divine souls and an ordinary mumin cannot distinguish their position. A keen observer will recognize with the prayers of al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS the meaning of benevolence (lutf) according to his limits, as one of the literacy meaning for lutf is â€Å"AMAL SALEH† through which a true follower of Islam can get closer to Allah taa’ala and also al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS has explained the meaning of â€Å"AMAL SALEH† in one of his lectures:- Ø §Ã™â€  ÙÆ'Ù„ منØ µÃ™Ë†Ã˜ µ هو Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ž Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ µÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­ And also he states :- Ù‡Ø ± Ø ¯Ã˜ §Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å  Ù†Ø § منØ µÃ™Ë†Ã˜ µ Ø §Ã™â€¡Ã™â€ Ã˜ § Ø ¹Ã™â€¦Ã™â€ž Ø µÃ˜ §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­ Ø› That every dai’s amal saleh is to declare his successor. Hence, the Mumineen of this period are fortunate and lucky as they are being blessed with two dai’s benedictions and prayers. and with the grace of Amirul MumineenAS ;they are living a prosperous and healthy life. May Allah grant al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS and his successor a long and healthy life till the day of judgment. Ameen. [ 1 ]. Reading and understanding poems,(Rhode island, Jamestown1989)19 [ 2 ]. Syedi yusuf bhai saheb najmuddin,baha-o muqaddamatil imtehan-il Jamea,(Mumbai :al Jamea tus saifiayh press)31 [ 3 ]. al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, aba hasanin ya samiy al ali yi, ,(Mumbai :al Jamea tus saifiayh press)2 [ 4 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mu‎‎’yyad al-ShiraziRA slk’aw jou’har al- Manzum ,( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)4 [ 5 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)15 [ 6 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Mafaatiho Yaqut al-Hamra,(Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),52 [ 7 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Raudat-e-Firdos (Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),214 [ 8 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)9 [ 9 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)11 [ 10 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, al Risala al-Ramadaaniyah Mafaatiho Yaqut al-Hamra,(Bombay: British india press,1369AH/1350AD),52 [ 11 ]. Imam Ahmed al-Mastur AS, Rasaail Ikhwaan al-Safa,vol:-2 (Surat Khazana Ameraah, al- Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah.)119 [ 12 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Taher Saifuddin RA, Simto Munajaat Gur.(Mumbai :Al Jamea Tus Saifiyah press) [ 13 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Qadi al-Noman bin Mohammed RA,Sharh-ul-Akhbaar,(Mumbai: Daaerat al ta’ba va nashr Al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah) 3 [ 14 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mu‎’yyad al-ShiraziRA. Majaalis Mu‎ yyadiyah (Mumbai : oxford printers 1426AH/2005AD),125 [ 15 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)10 [ 16 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)2 [ 17 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press) [ 18 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)11/12 [ 19 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)7/13 [ 20 ]. Sahifat-al-Salaah,(Mumbai:sa fe label 1422 AH) [ 21 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)13 [ 22 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed BurhanuddinTUS, Aba Hasanin Ya sami al aliyi( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press)13/14 [ 23 ]. Imam Ahmed al-Mastur AS, Rasaail Ikhwaan al-Safa,vol:-2 (Surat Khazana Ameraah, al- Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah.)119 [ 24 ]. Al-Dai-al-Ajal Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin TUS al –Risala-Nayye Hikmat-al-Gaibat-al-Haqiqiyah.(Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press 1430),179 [ 25 ]. Al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah ,al-Iqtibisaat al-Nuraniyah,( Mumbai: al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah press 1419),

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A Good Man is Hard to Find I firmly believe that people reap what they sew. In the story, â€Å" A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† the grand mother is a prime example of this scenario. Her pathetic ploys and acts of deviance cause harm to the family throughout the story and it ends up coming back to her in the end. You can tell that harms is inevitable for the family by some of the clues that are found in the grandmother’s behavior. For example, in the opening paragraph of the story, she is complaining perversely for the family to go on vacation in East Tennessee instead of Florida. The rest of the family wants to go to Florida but yet she is determined for them to do as she says. I believe that this is an early indication as to what kind of person she is. As they were leaving their home, she snuk a cat in a black valise into the car. The family didn’t want to arrive at a hotel with a cat so they told her not to bring it. Being the deviant person she is, she brought it anyway without them knowing. This would later come back to haunt the family later on in the story. Why would you do something like that when family members specifically told you not to. The grandmother was also a nagging person. She could get on your very last nerve. When her son Bailey was driving down the road, she persistently reminded him of the speed limit. â€Å" The speed limit was fifty-five miles an hour and the patrol man hide behind the billboards and small clumps of trees and they ...

Benefits of Recycling in Your Organization

A strategical approach to recycling program is required in order to gain out of recycling program. Whereas recycling program involves investment of finances for equipment, labor and marketing for resale of recycled products, although the raw material for recycling need not be purchased as it is available as waste. [e. g. waste water, cars for recycling etc. ,] Potential gains of recycling program One of the biggest gain that can be derived from recycling program is the non-levy of taxes in terms of cost as governments do not consider payment of taxes on recycled products.The second gain in terms of cost is a long-term investment in equipment/land to generate revenues from recycling program. [e. g. recycling plant for waste water/land for preparing compost to sell as fertilizer etc. ,] Potential losses of recycling program One pre-emptive loss that is unpredictable could be from the competitors of recycled products who may pull a market share through low-price bidding in order to win contracts. The second loss that is predictable is the volatility in market basing on local conditions, which fluctuates the costs, revenues and services of recycled products. ConclusionThe reduce of costs in recycling program is in adopting an efficient system such as to use opportunities which reduces costs, jurisdictions that extend tax benefits and a provision for bargaining power and to use a combination of resources. Also a constant watch over market conditions also result in gain / loss of a recycling program in an organization. References Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (2005) Building Financially sustainable recycling programs Retrieved on 10 February, 2007 from http://www. dep. state. pa. us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/RECYCLE/document/Sust_Rpt/part_1. pdf

New York Yankees Essay

Ever since they became an official organization in 1903, the New York Yankees have established themselves as one of the world’s top sport organizations. As a Major League Baseball team, they have historically achieved the ultimate goal of winning the World Series and have gained fans and profit in the process. With thirty-one different managers, the Yankees have won a total of twenty-six World Series and have built a fan base across the globe (â€Å"New†, 2008). Nowadays, the organization even makes yearly revenue close to 300 million dollars (Cohen, 2007). I chose this organization because I believe that their structure and management style is the definition of success. I will apply most of the methods and concepts from the book and from class to the Yankees, and I will discuss why I consider them to be one of the world’s greatest sport organizations today. First, when analyzing the New York Yankees from a managerial perspective, it is important to consider the structure and management style of the organization. For example, the New York Yankees have three levels of managers: the owner or executive manager who monitors the business environment (George Steinbrenner), the general manager or middle manager who negotiates and controls player transactions (Brian Cashman), and the field manager or first-line supervisor who supervises individuals within the organization (Joe Girardi). For them to be successful, all of these parts need to work together and form a systems-based organization. In this open system, where everything is â€Å"relatively open to the influences of the environment in which it lives† (Chelladurai, 2005), Steinbrenner is able to react to the goals, structures, and processes of the organization, as well as employers, customers, and so forth. Even though the Yankees did not make the playoffs this year, it is easy to see how the system is successful. All of the managers perform certain tasks, some of which include planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating. Each of these levels do these things for different time frames. When discussing the roles of the Yankee managers, it is important to note that all of them have been successful. Brian Cashman has a large decisional role because he has to make the correct decisions for the fans to be content and the team to win. Back when the Yankees won several consecutive championships in the ‘90s, Joe Torre (field manager) was a leader of the team with excellent human skills. He was able to interact with his players in a way that allowed them to perform at or above their potential, and he also had an incredible amount of knowledge for the types of players he needed to succeed. The owner and general manager had good technical and conceptual skills because it was important that they plan, evaluate, and organize the formation of a successful organization. They had to evaluate the existing organization, plan what players to trade for, and organize the business matters. I know that the organization’s main goal is to win national championships, but they also want to be effective and efficient in doing so. When the owner George Steinbrenner goes out and gets all-star caliber players to win the American League East division and the World Series, he has to pay a lot of money in order to attract them to his team. In terms of being a successful leader, it is obvious that George Steinbrenner â€Å"exerts influence in a way that achieves the organization’s goals by enhancing the productivity and satisfaction of the work force† (Chelladurai, 2005) because he is trying to achieve his goals by getting the best players in the league and making his team more productive. It has been known that George Steinbrenner spends the most money on his players in the league, so the efficiency of the team is minimized even though they have the largest fan base out of any organization. The effectiveness, however, in drawing the support of fans, emotionally and economically, is maximized, since the people want to see the best teams with the best athletes play. In 2004, â€Å"by the completion of the season, which saw Joe Torre at its helm for his ninth season, the New York Yankees had set a new team record for largest team attendance thanks to 3,775,292 loyal fans who attended home games at Yankee Stadium† (â€Å"New†, 2008). You can see here how popular the organization has become, and I can only imagine how much more money it can make in the future. In conclusion, I have analyzed an organization that I felt would help me understand the concepts and methods that are associated with sport management. Based on the structure and personnel of the New York Yankees baseball club now and in the past, I classify it as being one of the world’s most successful organizations. This statement can only be judged by the results that have accompanied the Yankees ever since its inception, twenty-six championships and a world-wide fan base.

Mass Media Essay Essays

Mass Media Essay Essays Mass Media Essay Essay Mass Media Essay Essay Mass Media’s Influence on Americas’ Youth Does mass media influence children and teenagers more than their friends and family? That’s the question mainstream America is asking. America’s youth today is faced with an issue that adolescents in past decades never experienced. Young people today are flooded with media such as television, music, movies, magazines, newspapers, internet, and more. Media is overly accessible and virtually impossible to hide from in a world now dependent on it. The main concern that always comes up in the discussion of mass media is its many negative impacts on children and teens in American society. Mass media is a dominant force in the United States and across the world that shapes and molds young people in a variety of ways, creating ideas and theories that hold huge influence in the perceptions and actions of these adolescents. Many times these perceptions and ideals shown through mass media are very harmful to the development of children and teenagers in the United States. Mass media in the United States lacks government intervention and regulation. One of the reasons that there may not be strict enough rules for mass media could be that most broadcast companies in the United States are privately owned. These private companies receive no government funding. For example, public radio and public television are funded and controlled by government. Therefore, the government holds little leverage in telling these corporations what to do. Mass media’s effect in regards to violent behavior shows why the government regulation of mass media needs to be stricter than they currently are. The watching of violence is a very popular form of entertainment in mainstream America. A crowd of pedestrians enjoy a street fight just as the Greek enjoyed watching Spartans battle in the arena. Boxing and Wrestling are one of the most popular spectator sports on television in the United States and around the world. Violence is the most frequently depicted genre in television and movies. News programs provide extensive coverage of violent crimes just to bump up their ratings. Another way these kids are viewing this violence is through their videogames. Videogames such as Grand Theft Auto and Call of Duty are among the most popular videogame titles on the market. According to CNN Grand Theft Auto sold 3. million copies and generated $310 million dollars in sales in its first day. The more violent the videogames are, the more copies they sell. Just imagine how different things might be in a world without children playing violent videogames or watching gory movies nearly every day. In a research study reported in the Journal of Adolescent Health the results reported were that on 23 channels recorded more than half of the material was filled with violence (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Many of these television shows that contain violent material depict unrealistic effects. For example, there could be an extremely horrific gun shooting or stabbing in a movie and the character lives. However, the reality is that a gun shooting or a stabbing will most likely result in death. One common example of violent behavior being glorified through television and movies is bank robberies. These movies make robbing banks seem appealing because of the ease in which they take the money while underplaying the consequences that go along with a serious crime such as this. Many parents observe their children and teenagers copying behaviors that they have picked up in films and TV shows. It is quite apparent that this process leads to a greater frequency of violence. Mass media’s influence on sexuality is another controversial topic. Media is one way America’s youth learn and see sexual behavior. â€Å"Adolescence is the stage when individuals develop independent identities by disengaging from their parents and interacting more extensively with their peers† (Paek et al. 2011). Considering that at this stage adolescents are not guided by their parents as much as in prior stages of their life it becomes increasingly important that the mass media influences adolescent sexuality. The mass media are an increasingly accessible way for people to learn about and view sexual behavior. The media is especially important and influential for teenagers as they begin developing their own sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior. Media is often the only influence in these young people’s life as parents and schools remain reluctant to discuss sexual topics. In the United States, young people spend 6 to 7 hours each day on average with some form of media (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Brown and Witherspoon report, â€Å"almost all teens have their own source of music †¦ and more than wo-thirds have their own television †¦ in their bedroom† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Many of those televisions also are hooked up to cable. These numbers will have surely increased over the past decade if history repeats itself. A report published in the Journal of Sex Research concluded that mass media has a profound influence on adolescent sexual attitudes and sexual practices (Brown 2002). The availability of sexual content continues to increase. According to Forbes Magazine internet pornography is now a billion dollar per year industry. Sexual content is flooding through mainstream media. It is clear in regards to sexuality in media that it influences the way adolescents think and behave sexually. Media also effects how early young people begin to start having sexual activities. Young people interpret sexual media content differently than adults; they also evaluate and incorporate what they are seeing into their own lives. â€Å"Both children and adults have been reported to believe the media is a central source of information on sex and sexuality for young people† (Werner-Wilson, Fitzharris, Morrisey 2004). Considering that adults are reportedly looking to the internet as a resource for sexual questions or curiosity it’s easy to understand why children are also looking to the internet as a sexual resource. Young teens in America are having sex earlier, and with more partners because of what they see in the media. It’s simply natural to behave the way you see others behaving. Another disturbing effect caused by mass media is in regards to health. Mass media continues to put out content that does nothing to promote good health and a lot to cause unhealthy behavior among young people. A study on media and American teenagers showed that 8 to 18 year-olds spend 6 to 7 hours a day with some type of media and over 20 hours a week just with music (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). The most dangerous health effects caused by media are on young women. Young women all over the United States and the world are starving themselves in an effort to become skinnier. The reason these women are striving to become skinnier is because of the perception that mass media has created on what beauty is. In a study shown by the Society for Adolescent Medicine, nearly one quarter of college girls are engaging in some form of anorexic behavior (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Not only has this standard of what a woman should look like affected these women physically but it has also completely diminished many of these women’s self-esteem. According to the National Institute of Mental Health anorexia often develops during teen years or young adulthood. Since it is already known that the teen years are when adolescents are most impressionable, it makes perfect sense that anorexia often develops during this period. The full name for this disorder is anorexia nervosa. The characteristics of anorexia include emaciation, starvation, self-esteem issues, and fear of weight gain. The effects of this eating disorder can be deadly. Some of the most serious problems include brain damage and organ failure. Tobacco is largely depicted in the media. According to the National Institute of Health, people who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quitting. About 30% of youth smokers will continue smoking and die early from a smoking-related disease. Teen smokers are more likely to use alcohol and illegal drugs they are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety disorders and depression. A research study conducted by Hye-Jin Peak, Albert Gunther, Douglas McLeod, and Thomas Hove explored the degree that peer perceptions effect adolescents’ truthfully reporting whether or not they have been exposed to anti-smoking efforts thru mass media (Peak, Gunther, McLeod, and Hove 2011). This study also evaluated how peer perceptions affect adolescents’ effect whether or not the teens smoke or how they feel about smoking (Peak et al. 011). The research study results explained that media influence on adolescents showed a strong correlation between increased media and increased smoking in adolescents (Peak et al. 2011). Considering the research results leads one to believe that if stricter laws were made on commercials for tobacco then maybe fewer kids would be smoking. If the United States Government examined how other nations re gulate mass media they may be enlightened. â€Å"Recognition of the harmful effects of smoking has led many countries to restrict tobacco advertising. In some, such as New Zealand and Norway, cigarette consumption decreased significantly after the bans† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Media Portrayal of cigarette popularity contributes to the likelihood of adolescents beginning to smoke. As of today there are some restrictions on tobacco marketing, but these restrictions are very weak and hardly effective. As for image advertising, the agreement does not ban actual photos of people trying to entice adolescents to start smoking, only the cartoon images for cigarette advertising (Petty 1999). All advertisements are still allowed to picture people (Petty 1999). â€Å"Beer and wine are also among the most heavily advertised products on television and radio† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Considering that beer and wine are so heavily advertised in the mass media main stream America should really be considering the impact of alcohol use on United States’ adolescent population. According to the National Institute of Health there were 2. 8 million alcohol related injury deaths among 18 to 24 year-old college students from 1998 to 2001. If the Mass Media didn’t idealize alcohol as glamorous then certainly there would not have been as many tragic unnecessary deaths of young people during this 3 year period. The number of negative effects caused by mass media is extraordinary. Media negatively affects individual’s self-concept, attitudes, and behavior. It is impossible not to see how much the negative effects on youth out-weigh the positives. What can be done to change the status quo media has set in the U. S.? Focusing on a variety of categories; not just violence, sexuality, and self-esteem may be helpful. Perhaps if from the time children became toddlers they are not able to see Hustler and Penthouse magazines that contain explicit nudity at a party store or gas station counter that would be step one in gaining some kind of protection or censorship for our children. The world is constantly evolving. â€Å"Young people today are growing up in a world unlike anything previous generations have experienced. Today’s youth have greater access to forms of communication than ever before† (Brown and Cantor 2000). Surely the future of America’s adolescents is extremely important to most all Americans. Therefore, it only makes sense that since mass media is changing drastically then the rules regulating mass media must change drastically too. Brown, Jane. â€Å"Mass Media Influences on Sexuality. † The Journal of Sex Research 39. 1, Promoting Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior (Feb. , 2002), pp. 42-45. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 28 Jul. 2011 Brown, Jane, and Elizabeth M. Witherspoon. â€Å"The Mass Media and American Adolescents’ Health. † The Journal of Adolescent Health 31. 6s, (2002) pp. 154-167. Oakland Community University. 8 Jul. 2011 Brown, Jane, and Joanne Cantor. â€Å"An Agenda for Research on Youth and the Media†. The Journal of Adolescent Health 27. 2s, (2000) pp. 1-7. Oakland Community University. 28 Jul. 2011 Paek, Hye-Jin, Albert C. Gunther, Douglas M. McCleod, and Thomas Hove. â€Å"How Adolescents Perceived Media Influence on Peers Affects Smoking Decisions. † The Journal of Consumer Affairs pp. 123-146. (201 1). Wayne State University. 12 Aug. 2011 Petty, Ross. â€Å"Tobacco Marketing Restrictions in the Multistate Attorneys General Settlement: Is This Good Public Policy. Journal of Public Policy Marketing 18. 2, (1999), pp. 249-257. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 6 Aug. 2011 Thompson, Kenneth, and Anita Sharma. â€Å"Secularization, Moral Regulation and the Mass Media. † The British Journal of Sociology 49. 3, (1998), pp. 434-455. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 6 Aug. 2011 Werner-Wilson, Ronald Jay, Jennifer Lynn Fitzharris, and Kathleen M. Morrissey. â€Å"Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Media Influence on Adolescent Sexuality. † Adolescence 39. 154 (2004). Wayne State University. 12 Aug. 011 CNN on the Web. 14 August 2011. http://articles. cnn. com/2008-05-08/tech/gta. sales_1_ea-sales-grand-theft-auto-iv? _s=PM:TECH. NIH on the Web. 14 August 2011 nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/smokingandyouth. html. NIMH on the Web. 14 August 2011 nimh. nih. gov/healt h/publications/eating-disorders/complete-index. shtml. FORBES on the Web. 14 August 2011 forbes. com/2001/05/25/0524porn. html. Web. August 14 collegedrinkingprevention. gov/media/Mag_and_Prev_ARPH_April_2005. pdf.

Noise and Interference in Various Types of Communication

Noise and Interference in Various Types of Communication In communication studies and information theory, noise  refers to anything that interferes with the communication process between a speaker and an audience. It is also called interference. Noise can be external (a physical sound) or internal (a mental disturbance), and it can disrupt the communication process at any point. Another way to think of noise, says Alan Jay Zaremba, is as a factor that reduces the chances of successful communication but does not guarantee failure. (Crisis Communication: Theory and Practice, 2010) Noise is like second-hand smoke, says Craig E. Carroll, having negative impacts on people without anyones consent. (The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Reputation, 2015) Examples and Observations External noises are sights, sounds and other stimuli that draw peoples attention away from the message. For instance, a pop-up advertisement may draw your attention away from a web page or blog. Likewise, static or service interruptions can play havoc in cell phone conversations, the sound of a fire engine may distract you from a professors lecture or the smell of donuts may interfere with your train of thought during a conversation with a friend. (Kathleen Verderber, Rudolph Verderber, and Deanna Sellnows, Communicate! 14th ed. Wadsworth Cengage 2014) Kinds of Noise There are four kinds of noise. Physiological noise is a distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medication and other factors that affect how we feel and think. Physical noise is interference in our environments, such as noises made by others, overly dim or bright lights, spam and pop-up ads, extreme temperatures, and crowded conditions. Psychological noise refers to qualities in us that affect how we communicate and interpret others. For instance, if you are preoccupied with a problem, you may be inattentive at a team meeting. Likewise, prejudice and defensive feelings can interfere with communication. Finally, semantic noise exists when words themselves are not mutually understood. Authors sometimes create semantic  noise by using jargon  or unnecessarily technical language. (Julia T. Wood, Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters, 6th ed. Wadsworth 2010) Noise in Rhetorical Communication Noise...refers to any element that interferes  with the generation of the intended meaning in the mind of the receiver...Noise may arise in the source, in the channel; or in the receiver. This factor of  noise  is not an essential part of the rhetorical  communication process. The  communication process  is always hampered to some degree if noise is present. Unfortunately, noise is almost always present. As a cause of failure in rhetorical communication, noise in the receiver is second only to noise in the source. Receivers of rhetorical communication are people, and no two people are exactly alike. Consequently, it is impossible for the source to determine the exact effect that a message will have upon a given receiver...The noise within the receiver- the psychology of the receiver- will determine to a great extent what the receiver will perceive. (James C McCroskey, An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication: A Western Rhetorical Perspective, 9th ed.; Routledge, 2016) Noise in Intercultural Communication For effective communication in an intercultural interaction, participants must rely on a common language, which usually means that one or more individuals will not be using their native tongue. Native fluency in a second language is difficult, especially when nonverbal behaviors are considered. People who use another language will often have an accent or might misuse a word or phrase, which can adversely affect the receivers understanding of the message. This type of distraction referred to as semantic noise, also encompasses jargon, slang  and even specialized professional terminology. (Edwin R. McDaniel et al., Understanding Intercultural Communication: The Working Principles. Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 12th ed., ed. by Larry A Samovar, Richard E Porter and Edwin R McDaniel, Wadsworth, 2009)

Financial Statement Analysis & Security Valuation Essay

Financial Statement Analysis & Security Valuation - Essay Example The Morrison plc relies on the viable, competitive benefits and the corporate picture or image regards for improvement the strategic requirements. The financial analysis will make use of Reformulation, ratio, valuation using AOP and FCF model (including sensitivity and WACC calculation) to help in creating a meaningful summary of information based on financial statement of the company. The exhibited big difference between cost of goods sold (CGS) to sales and selling, general and administrative expense to sales indicates that Morrison Plc classify their costs based on the major expense category differently. The unexpected dividend changes normally results to the signaling effects and wealth-transfer. The transfer of the wealth between the debt holders and the equity holders in the market depends on the unexpected changes in the market; hence, the wealth transfers in the market (Fabozzi & Grant 2000, 87). The signaling effect is the change in the stock prices in the market with the unexpected change in the dividend. The unexpected increase in dividend will normally signal the decrease in the price of the stock in the market. The dividend is a significant determinant of the operation in the market because it determines the future earnings of the managers in the market. The higher dividend implies that the managers are reducing the agency problems between them and th eir shareholders; hence, they will be able to involve the shareholders in the increase of stock price (MacMinn, 2005, p. 20). The dividend policy determines the payment of which the business will pay to its shareholders. It determines whether the business will be paying the fraction of the profit to the shareholders, or they will be keeping the whole profit in the business (Baker & Kolb 2009). The dividend policy determines the image the firm will be able to uphold in the market especially to the investors. The market

Reformation and the Arts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Reformation and the Arts - Assignment Example In an attempt to keep the followers in the church, the Catholic religion undertook their own self-reformation, which came to be known as the Counter-Reformation. One aspect of their disagreement was over the portrayal of their visual art. The resulting factions created different artistic styles, though their outcome would be counterproductive to their original intent. The church had fallen under negative scrutiny during the fourteenth century and was marked by material excesses by church leaders while oppressing the lower clergy. Humanism and the Renaissance ideas were cultivated in Rome and their perceived abuses became the target of newly empowered city-states. The decline of papal power and material corruption of the church during the 14th and 15th centuries set the stage for the first severe blow to the church, the papal schism in 1378 (Kirsch 1911). However, the most popular symbolic blow came when Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church in 1517 (Bates 1999, Luther 1915). The Theses called for a dramatic overhaul of the church and began the Reformation. The Counter-Reformation is the period of "Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years War, 1648" (Pollen 1908). During this period the church tried to rebuke the Lutherans and Protestants for their stand on the subservience of Church to State, the marriage of the clergy, and doctrinal error (Pollen 1908). However, the church underwent little fundamental change, did not alter the State constitutions, or generate any great enthusiasm by its members. One noticeable change the church underwent was the portrayal of its visual arts. The church had moved away from art dominated by religious figures and had begun to portray man as the center of spiritualism as in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam circa 1500. Reformers believed this elevated man to a state of spiritual arrogance and wanted art to represent only religious figure s. The church did do some movement back toward commissioning strictly religious art during the Counter-Reformation (Nosotro 2005).