'Iqbal as a Politician Essay\r'

'INTRODUCTION:\r\nOne of the enceinteest governmental figure of modern Asia has remarked rough Iqbal: â€Å"Although a cracking poet and philosopher, He was no less a concrete politician. With his firm conviction and faith in the subjectls of Islam, he was one of the few who origin each(prenominal)y thought everywhere the feasibility of carving out of India an Islamic sound out in the northwestern and North-East Zones which are historic home-lands of the Moslems.”\r\nIqbal is gener ally kn experience as a spectacular poet and philosopher exactly he was in any case an dynamic politician. He fought bravely non only against the ruling originator and legal age comm amity scarce in addition against the Moslem reactionary politicians.\r\nM.Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877 at Sialkot . His father, sheikh Noor Muhammad be hankered to a Kashmiri family was very devoted Islamic and had deep affection with Islam. His m some other was a s nonty-nosed but non an educated woman.\r\nWhen Iqbal was about cardinal grades old he was admitted to the Maktab of Maulana Ghulam Murtaza to learn al-Quran . In Sialkot he was very lucky to take for Mir Hassan as his teacher. He was a great scholar, who recognize Iqbal’s capabilities and encouraged him in every assertable way. Iqbal correct his matriculation in 1893 from scotch guardianship collage. He last(a)ly moved to Lahore to do his graduation from the GC university which was the best university in Punjab. He completed his graduation in 1897. He decided to do Masters in Philosophy. He received his get the hang degree in philosophy in 1899 . He went to study at Cambridge University where he choose to narrow in philosophy. Professor Arnold advised to submit his thesis in Ger umteen to get Doctoral degree. The Heidelberg University awarded him the degree of Ph.D. on 4th November 1907 and the thesis was published in 1908 from London.\r\nIQBAL AND THE Moslem STATE:\r\nIqbal reflects both Western and Islamic influences in his education and experiences. Iqbal’s writing,spurred by his deep preserve for the crises of Islam in contemporary clubhouse. For Islamics, Islam is his community, his terra firma in which he will attain his true man-to-manity. The Islamic society is based upon common belief..Iqbal hard put that in influence to practice economic and social system of Islam, you submit to have a state. He provided the theoretical framework. Iqbal in his letter to M.Ali Jinnah, He stressed upon the Islamic laws as fundamental to the survival of Islam. Iqbal says in his letter of twentieth June, 1933:\r\nâ€Å"You may rest assured that I am not interested in politics as such. It was my interest in Islam as a honorable polity that drove me to politics……” He set ahead said in the akin letter that: â€Å"It was my vocation to step forward and to place before the younger generation the real meaning of our ideals……â €\r\nDuring 1905 to 1908 Iqbal was started babbleing about ‘Tauheed’ that if you want the binding force you have to take in the concept of ‘Tauheed’. If deen is lost every thing is lost. We should travel the concept of colour, cast, creed and other things. For exciting a faecal matter amongst the Moslem scholars Iqbal suggested four basic approaches: Quran, Hadith, Ijma and Qiyas. Iqbal similarly observed that â€Å"It is Islam which has come to rescue the Muslims and not frailty versa.”\r\nIQBAL’S CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM:\r\nThe problem of nationalism attracted much of his attention through and throughout his flavor. In his initial stage of poetry he was in save of Indian nationalism.In many poems he wrote that India was his motherland and it was boss to other countries. But at the same conviction he was stressing that religion does not preach hatred.(mazhab nahin sikhata apas mein bair rakhna) and everybody who funding in In dia was an Indian and India was his homeland (hindi hain ham watan hai hindustan hamara) He wrote ‘Tarana-e-Hind(ترانۂ ہندÛÅ'). سارÛ جہاں سÛ اچھاھندوستاں ہÙارا\r\nIn which he said that you need to dearest every thing available in your country.Unity of universe started developing when Iqbal went abroad. He started under affiliation the hollowness of Europe. He believed that territorial nationalism is actually created more problems because solving it.He was bringing up with new ideas For the prototypical time he used the term ‘Qaum(قوÙ ) for Muslim ummah. Then he started talking about ‘Millat’. When he talked about Islamic culture he was not only concern with Hindustan but similarly for the entirely Islamic civilization. He was credited to bring alternate(a) concept of ‘Universal Nationalism’. Iqbal said that individual should m erge in millat. He wrote Tarana-e-Milli ( ترانۂ ÙÙ„ÛÅ' ). Cheen-o-Arab Humara, Hindustan Humara\r\nMuslim Hain Hum, Watan Hai Sara Jahan Humara…\r\nIn a letter to Professor R.A.Nicholson Iqbal exempted his point of make on this matter that:\r\nâ€Å"Since I find that the idea of nationality based on race or dirt is making headway in the world of Islam, and since I fear that the Muslims, losing counterbalance of their own ideal of frequent humanity, are being lured by the idea of a territorial nationality. I feel it is my duty as a Muslim and a warmthr of all mankind, to remind them of their true function in the phylogenesis of mankind…….”\r\nIQBAL AND POLITICS:\r\nIqbal did not take restless part in the politics for a long time. During this period he was meddling in creating policy-making consciousness among his people.Iqbal used poetry as a tool to give his concepts.Poetry is not his first priority.When he realised that now it s the time to do more or lessthing working. Than he did not hesitate even for a hit moment. He was urging Muslim to take active part in politics. He supported the Khilafat movement but did not indulge practicality believed that Muslims in several(predicate) countries of the world should unite but concentrate on national movements. He had fate on his own culture and tradition. He was asking the elite to talk about the time when Muslims were at peak. He was also asking the intelligentsia and politicians to talk about the nimbus of Muslim past and also about the reasons which caused their downfall. He was interested in political advancement and safeguarding the rights of Muslims for preserving their disunite identity.\r\nIn May 1908, when Muslim League was organise in London Iqbal was elected as a member of the committee. He drafted constitution for this league. He came nates to India in August 1908. at that place was already a Muslim League in India. During 1913 to 1923 he wa s not very active in politics. This was the time when Iqbal was busy developing his philosphy and writing his epoch-making poems Asrar-i-khudi, Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Khizr-i-Rah and Tulu-i-Islam etc.\r\nDuring the destruction years of his life, Iqbal had such a busy political life that it is not possible to describe all of his political activities in this short assignment. Hence some of his work mentioned in a brief sketch.\r\n instalment OF PUNJAB LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY:\r\nIt was in 1923 that Iqbal was persuaded by sure fri wind ups to stand for election to the Punjab legislative council, and he was quite an willing to do so. But his friend Mian Abdul Aziz also wanted to stand for this election. Finally he stood for elections to the council in 1926, and was elected by an evoke legal age.\r\nHe took great interest in the work of the council and he make important contribution in it. He delivered many speeches on the budget of the Punjab. He also discussed other subjects in the council . He had a great love and sympathy for the poor. Iqbal moved some very skillful resolutions in the legislative council. Iqbal put great shift for the revision of land taxes. He said in one of his speech that:\r\nâ€Å"In case the cash is remitted we should apply it towards the reduction of taxes. We should apply the belief of progression to land revenue………In the case of income-tax the prescript of ability or the principle of progression is applied, that is to say, there is graduated scale and some people do not pay income-tax at all. My submission, therefore is that the council should imagine the question of the reduction of taxes in the light of this principle…….” He moved a resolution to reject drinking. He was a great friend of peasants and he moved resolutions in favour of them. But when asked to stand for the next election, he said: â€Å"People go to council to grind their own axes. I have no axe to grind.”\r\nALLAHABAD SESS ION:\r\nIN 1928 M.Iqbal was elected secretary of the Shafi branch of the Muslim league .In the same year he was appeared before the Simon Commission as a witness. In 1929 he depended the Muslim gathering held in Delhi. He was elected as the chairperson of All India Muslim League in 1930. In the same year he presided the annual session of the All India Muslim League held at Allahabad. He delivered a presidential speech, which was known as Allahabad address. In this speech he said that:\r\nâ€Å"Do not think that the problem i am indicating is a purely theoretical one. It is very living and practical problem calculated to affect the very material of Islam as a system of life and withdraw…..”\r\nHe further said in the same speech that:\r\nâ€Å"Redistribution of British India calculated to secure a permanent solution of the communal problem is ignored, and then I support as emphatically as possible, the Muslim demands repeatedly urged by the All India Muslim Leagu e and All India Muslim collection. The Muslims of India can’t agree to any constitutional changes which affect their majority rights.” In this speech Iqbal was the first to suggest a separate homeland for the Muslims on the plateform of Muslim League. The evasion suggested by others had not attracted any attention at all, But the one put forward by Iqbal attracted worldwide attention for the first time. The words of Iqbal which took much attention in this speech was that:\r\nI would interchangeable to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within in the British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.”\r\nThe unit of measurement address was thought provoking and it called the Muslims to get unify and prepare themselves for the struggle to achi eve freedom. On this routine he was convinced that the only solution for the Muslims to bring through in India was to have a homeland.\r\nROUND instrument panel CONFERNCES:\r\nBritish government sent a foreign mission under Sir John Simon to introduce constitutional reforms in Indian sub-continent. The Simon commission conclusioned its work in 1929 and submitted its report in the middle of 1930 to the British government. There were huge agitations against these reforms then the viceroy announced that the British government proposed to call shine Table Conference in London. Iqbal did not attend the first flesh out Table Conference because he was not invited to attend this conference. Iqbal attended the second Round Table Conference. Which was also attended by Mr.Gandhi there were formed deuce commissions. In this conference no result could be found, So the delegation wrote a letter to British Prime rector to give an award. The Prime Minister gave the award in 1932. Iqbal issu ed a statement before announcing the award that :\r\nâ€Å"I honestly believe that no community has a more genuine scotch against the decision than the Muslims. Indeed, I can’t explain to myself as to how the British conscience has tolerated the injustice.”\r\nThird Round Table Conference was held in 1932, in which Iqbal stressed the need for provincial shore leave because autonomy gave the Muslim majority provinces power to safeguard their their rights, heathenish traditions and religion. low the central government the Muslims were bound to lose their cultural and religious identity at the hands of overwhelming Hindu majority.\r\nIQBAL, THE VISIONARY, JINNAH, THE TECHNICIAN AND PAKISTAN THE REALITY:\r\nIqbal dreamed of Muslim autonomy to be carried out in the Muslim majority areas of the Indian sub-continent. In a meeting with Jinnah, he did not use the term ‘two nation’ but ‘nation’. Iqbal selected Jinnah to lead the Muslims. In a letter to Jinnah he wrote that:\r\nâ€Å"You are the only Muslim in India straightaway to whom the community has a right to look up for safe guidance through the storm which is coming to North-West India, and perhaps to the whole of India.” In his historical Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualised an independent self-governing state for the Muslims of North-West India. As Iqbal selected Jinnah to lead the Muslims and Jinnah joint the case of separate homeland for Pakistan so brightly that even the Hindus and British could not stand in his way and gave way for the creation of Pakistan. Jinnah as a brilliant lawyer and politician, his sense of practical and doable set him quite apart from the visionary Iqbal. olibanum Pakistan became as a reality because of their endeavours. A source has remarked that:\r\nâ€Å"But in the midst of all swarthiness there shone a flickering light in Lahore. And this was Iqbal who stood steadfast by Jinnah in those trying eld and helped him to chart er the course of Indo-Muslim politics.”\r\nCONCLUSION:\r\nIqbal died in 1938, but he was successfully converted Jinnah, from ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity to a communal Muslim leader. Till the end he gave advices to M.Ali Jinnah in political matters through his letters. posterior Jinnah adopted a resolution for Pakistan movement in Lahore session of the Muslim League in 1940. afterward the Lahore resolution was passed in Lahore session on twenty-fourth March 1940, Quaid-i-Azam said: â€Å"Iqbal is no more amongst us, but had he been alive he would have been skilful to know that we did exactly what he wanted us to do.”\r\nHis politics can be judge from the hobby message of Mr.Jinnah:\r\nâ€Å"To me he was a friend, guide, philosopher and during the darkest moments through which the Muslim league had to go, he stood like a rock, and neer flinched one single moment.”\r\nI would like to finish my assignment with the quote of M.Iqbal:\r\nâ€Å"True political life begins not with the claiming of rights, but with the doing of duties.”\r\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\r\nAhmad, S.Hassan.1979. Iqbal, his political ideas as junction Aligarh: Printwell publications.\r\nChaghatai, M.Ikram.2003.Iqbal New Dimensions:a collection of unpublished and high-minded Iqbalian Studies Lahore: Sang-e-Meel publications.\r\nIqbal, Javed.1961,Stray Reflections(A notebook of Allama Iqbal) Lahore:Ghulam Ali publications.\r\nIqbal, Javed.1956.Dr Iqbal Lahore:Maktaba-i-Adam educational publication.\r\nJeoffery,V.H.2003.Iqbal’s Vision and Pakistan today thoughts and facts Karachi:Royal book company.\r\nSherwani,Latif Ahmed.1977.Speeches,Writings and Statements of Iqbal Lahore:Iqbal honorary society Pakistan.\r\nShamloo.1945.Speeches and Statements of Iqbal Lahore:Pakistan printing press.\r\nSultana,Kishwar.1998.Allama Muhammad Iqbal as a politician(1926-1938) Islamabad:National book foundation.\r\nVahid,S.A.1974.Glimpses of Iqbal Karachi:Iqbal academy Pakistan.\r\n Wahid,Syed Abdul.1976.Studies In Iqbal Lahore:Muhammad Ashraf press.\r\n'